How long should espresso typically be brewed for optimal flavor extraction?

Brewing espresso typically takes about 20-30 seconds for optimal flavor extraction. This time frame allows water to flow through the finely-ground coffee at the right pressure, extracting the essential flavors, oils, and aromas that contribute to the espresso's rich and complex taste. If brewed for too short a time, the espresso may be under-extracted, resulting in a sour or weak flavor profile. On the other hand, if brewed for too long, it can be over-extracted, leading to bitterness and undesirable flavors. The 20-30 second window strikes a balance, allowing for a delicious, well-rounded shot of espresso that showcases the nuances of the coffee beans used.